Selenium Commands Cheatsheet

Browser actions, element interactions, dropdowns, alerts, frames, windows, screenshots, and JavaScript executor.

1. Browser Actions

Navigate, resize, and control the browser

Action	Selenium Java	Playwright
Open URL	`driver.get("https://www.testerrank.com/banking")`	`page.goto("https://www.testerrank.com/banking")`
Navigate to URL	`driver.navigate().to("https://www.testerrank.com/shopping")`	`page.goto("https://www.testerrank.com/shopping")`
Go back	`driver.navigate().back()`	`page.goBack()`
Go forward	`driver.navigate().forward()`	`page.goForward()`
Refresh page	`driver.navigate().refresh()`	`page.reload()`
Maximize window	`driver.manage().window().maximize()`	`// Set in browser context config`
Set window size	`driver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(1920, 1080))`	`// Set viewport in browser.newContext()`
Get page title	`driver.getTitle()`	`page.title()`
Get current URL	`driver.getCurrentUrl()`	`page.url()`
Close current tab	`driver.close()`	`page.close()`
Quit browser	`driver.quit()`	`browser.close()`

Click, type, read, and check element state

Action	Selenium Java	Playwright
Click element	`driver.findElement(By.id("loginBtn")).click()`	`page.locator("#loginBtn").click()`
Type text	`driver.findElement(By.id("userId")).sendKeys("testuser")`	`page.locator("#userId").fill("testuser")`
Clear field	`driver.findElement(By.id("userId")).clear()`	`page.locator("#userId").clear()`
Get text	`driver.findElement(By.id("welcomeUser")).getText()`	`page.locator("#welcomeUser").textContent()`
Get attribute	`driver.findElement(By.id("userId")).getAttribute("placeholder")`	`page.locator("#userId").getAttribute("placeholder")`
Is displayed?	`driver.findElement(By.id("errorMsg")).isDisplayed()`	`page.locator("#errorMsg").isVisible()`
Is enabled?	`driver.findElement(By.id("submitBtn")).isEnabled()`	`page.locator("#submitBtn").isEnabled()`
Is selected?	`driver.findElement(By.id("rememberMe")).isSelected()`	`page.locator("#rememberMe").isChecked()`
Submit form	`driver.findElement(By.id("loginForm")).submit()`	`// Use click on submit button instead`
Press Enter key	`driver.findElement(By.id("search")).sendKeys(Keys.ENTER)`	`page.locator("#search").press("Enter")`

Works with HTML <select> elements only

Action	Selenium Java	Playwright
Select by visible text	`new Select(driver.findElement(By.id("accountType"))).selectByVisibleText("Savings")`	`page.locator("#accountType").selectOption({ label: "Savings" })`
Select by value	`new Select(driver.findElement(By.id("accountType"))).selectByValue("savings")`	`page.locator("#accountType").selectOption("savings")`
Select by index	`new Select(driver.findElement(By.id("accountType"))).selectByIndex(1)`	`// Use selectOption with value or label`
Get selected option	`new Select(driver.findElement(By.id("accountType"))).getFirstSelectedOption().getText()`	`page.locator("#accountType option:checked").textContent()`
Get all options	`new Select(driver.findElement(By.id("accountType"))).getOptions()`	`page.locator("#accountType option").allTextContents()`

Handle JavaScript alerts, confirms, and prompts

Action	Selenium Java	Playwright
Accept alert (OK)	`driver.switchTo().alert().accept()`	`page.on("dialog", d => d.accept())`
Dismiss alert (Cancel)	`driver.switchTo().alert().dismiss()`	`page.on("dialog", d => d.dismiss())`
Get alert text	`driver.switchTo().alert().getText()`	`page.on("dialog", d => console.log(d.message()))`
Type in prompt	`driver.switchTo().alert().sendKeys("my input")`	`page.on("dialog", d => d.accept("my input"))`

Switch context to and from frames

Action	Selenium Java	Playwright
Switch by index	`driver.switchTo().frame(0)`	`page.frameLocator("iframe").first()`
Switch by name/ID	`driver.switchTo().frame("frameName")`	`page.frameLocator("#frameName")`
Switch by element	`driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElement(By.tagName("iframe")))`	`page.frameLocator("iframe")`
Back to main page	`driver.switchTo().defaultContent()`	`// Playwright auto-scopes via frameLocator`
Back to parent frame	`driver.switchTo().parentFrame()`	`// Not needed — use parent page locator`

Handle multiple browser windows or tabs

Action	Selenium Java	Playwright
Get current window handle	`String mainWindow = driver.getWindowHandle()`	`// Playwright uses page objects directly`
Get all window handles	`Set<String> handles = driver.getWindowHandles()`	`context.pages()`
Switch to new window	`driver.switchTo().window(handle)`	`const newPage = await context.waitForEvent("page")`
Open new tab	`driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB)`	`const newPage = await context.newPage()`
Close & switch back	`driver.close(); driver.switchTo().window(mainWindow)`	`newPage.close()`

Capture page or element screenshots

Action	Selenium Java	Playwright
Full page screenshot	`File src = ((TakesScreenshot) driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); FileUtils.copyFile(src, new File("screenshot.png"))`	`page.screenshot({ path: "screenshot.png", fullPage: true })`
Element screenshot	`driver.findElement(By.id("dashboard")).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE)`	`page.locator("#dashboard").screenshot({ path: "element.png" })`
Screenshot as bytes	`byte[] bytes = ((TakesScreenshot) driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.BYTES)`	`const buffer = await page.screenshot()`

Execute JavaScript in the browser context

Action	Selenium Java	Playwright
Scroll to element	`((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("arguments[0].scrollIntoView(true)", element)`	`page.locator("#element").scrollIntoViewIfNeeded()`
Click via JS	`((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("arguments[0].click()", element)`	`page.locator("#element").click({ force: true })`
Get page title via JS	`((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("return document.title")`	`page.evaluate(() => document.title)`
Scroll to bottom	`((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight)")`	`page.evaluate(() => window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight))`
Highlight element	`((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("arguments[0].style.border='3px solid red'", element)`	`page.locator("#el").evaluate(e => e.style.border = "3px solid red")`