Real-World Production Wait Patterns

driver.findElement(By.id("submit-payment-btn")).click();

WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(15));

// Step 1: Wait for spinner overlay to completely disappear from viewport
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.invisibilityOfElementLocated(By.cssSelector(".payment-loading-spinner")));

// Step 2: Now wait for transaction receipt to become visible
WebElement receipt = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id("transaction-receipt")));
Assert.assertTrue(receipt.getText().contains("Reference #"));

// Avoid caching elements across DOM-mutating actions
// Click 'Apply Promo Code' — page re-renders price summary
driver.findElement(By.id("apply-coupon-btn")).click();

// Wait for the refreshed element state dynamically
WebElement updatedTotal = wait.until(
    ExpectedConditions.refreshed(
        ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id("cart-total-amount"))
    )
);