Creating Page Classes — Banking Portal

package com.practice.pages.banking;

import com.practice.pages.BasePage;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

public class LoginPage extends BasePage {

    // Locators — all in ONE place
    private By usernameField = By.id("username");
    private By passwordField = By.id("password");
    private By loginButton = By.cssSelector("button[type='submit']");
    private By errorMessage = By.cssSelector(".error-message");

    public LoginPage(WebDriver driver) {
        super(driver);
    }

    public void enterUsername(String username) {
        type(usernameField, username);
    }

    public void enterPassword(String password) {
        type(passwordField, password);
    }

    public DashboardPage clickLogin() {
        click(loginButton);
        return new DashboardPage(driver);
    }

    // Convenience method — most tests use this
    public DashboardPage loginAs(String username, String password) {
        enterUsername(username);
        enterPassword(password);
        return clickLogin();
    }

    public String getErrorMessage() {
        return getText(errorMessage);
    }

    public boolean isErrorDisplayed() {
        return isPresent(errorMessage);
    }

    public boolean isDisplayed() {
        return isPresent(usernameField);
    }
}

package com.practice.pages.banking;

import com.practice.pages.BasePage;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

public class DashboardPage extends BasePage {

    private By welcomeMessage = By.id("welcome-message");
    private By accountBalance = By.id("account-balance");
    private By accountNumber = By.id("account-number");
    private By transferButton = By.id("transfer-btn");
    private By logoutButton = By.id("logout-btn");
    private By transactionHistory = By.id("transaction-history");

    public DashboardPage(WebDriver driver) {
        super(driver);
    }

    public boolean isLoaded() {
        return isDisplayed(welcomeMessage);
    }

    public String getWelcomeMessage() {
        return getText(welcomeMessage);
    }

    public String getAccountBalance() {
        return getText(accountBalance);
    }

    public String getAccountNumber() {
        return getText(accountNumber);
    }

    public boolean isTransactionHistoryVisible() {
        return isDisplayed(transactionHistory);
    }

    // Returns TransferPage — the next page after clicking
    public TransferPage clickTransfer() {
        click(transferButton);
        return new TransferPage(driver);
    }

    // Returns LoginPage — back to login after logout
    public LoginPage logout() {
        click(logoutButton);
        return new LoginPage(driver);
    }
}

package com.practice.pages.banking;

import com.practice.pages.BasePage;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

public class TransferPage extends BasePage {

    private By fromAccount = By.id("from-account");
    private By toAccount = By.id("to-account");
    private By amountField = By.id("amount");
    private By descriptionField = By.id("description");
    private By transferButton = By.id("transfer-submit");
    private By confirmation = By.id("transfer-confirmation");
    private By backButton = By.id("back-to-dashboard");

    public TransferPage(WebDriver driver) {
        super(driver);
    }

    public void selectFromAccount(String account) {
        selectByVisibleText(fromAccount, account);
    }

    public void enterToAccount(String accountNumber) {
        type(toAccount, accountNumber);
    }

    public void enterAmount(String amount) {
        type(amountField, amount);
    }

    public void enterDescription(String desc) {
        type(descriptionField, desc);
    }

    public void clickTransfer() {
        click(transferButton);
    }

    // Convenience method for the full flow
    public void performTransfer(String from, String to,
                                String amount, String desc) {
        selectFromAccount(from);
        enterToAccount(to);
        enterAmount(amount);
        enterDescription(desc);
        clickTransfer();
    }

    public boolean isConfirmationDisplayed() {
        return isDisplayed(confirmation);
    }

    public String getConfirmationMessage() {
        return getText(confirmation);
    }

    public DashboardPage goBackToDashboard() {
        click(backButton);
        return new DashboardPage(driver);
    }
}